Background tekinoroji:
High simba fastenerszvinoda quenching uye tempering kurapwa maererano hwokugadzira zvinodiwa.Kupisa kurapwa kunodzima uye kupisandeye kunatsiridza huwandu hwema mechanical zvivakwa zvezvisungo kuti zvisangane nezvakatsanangurwa tensile simba uye goho reshiyo yezvigadzirwa. Iyo nzira yekupisa yekupisa ine mhedzisiro yakakosha mukati memhando yepamusoro-yesimba fasteners, kunyanya yavo yemukati mhando. Munguva yekudzima uye kupisa kupisa kurapwa, imwe oxidizing gasi inowanzounzwa kubva kunze kwechoto. Iyo oxidizing gasi ichaita nebhaudhi, ichikonzera decarburization pamusoro pebhoti. Pamusana pezvakasiyana-siyana zvepamusoro uye zvivakwa zvemukati, ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuwedzera coefficients. Munguva yekudzima, kuputika kwepamusoro kunogona kuitika, kuderedza chigadzirwa chemhando. Iyo yechinyakare yekupisa kupisa maitiro inosanganisira zvakananga kuisa mabhaudhi muchoto chekudzima kuitira kupisa-kupisa kwepamusoro. Munguva yekudzima uye kupisa, matambudziko akadai sekuoma kusina kukwana mumamiriro ekudzimwa, kuoma kusina kuenzana mumamiriro ekudzimwa, kunyanya kudzima deformation, uye kuputika kwekuputika kunowanzoitika. Mukuona kweizvi, zvinodikanwa kuita kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro echinyakare ekurapa kupisa.
Tekinoroji yekushandisa zvinhu:
Kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvetekinoroji iripo, chinangwa chechigadzirwa chiripo ndechekupa nzira yekurapa kupisa kwemabhaudhi ane mhedzisiro iri nani yekudzima, yakagadziridzwa mhando yechigadzirwa, uye yakawedzerwa hupenyu hwesevhisi yechigadzirwa.
Kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zviri pamusoro, chigadzirwa chazvino chinotora inotevera tekinoroji mhinduro:
Iyo yekupisa kurapwa maitiro emabhoti inosanganisira anotevera matanho:
S1. Dephosphorization;
S2. Pre treatment: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chinopisa uye ramba uchibaya jekiseni renitrogen gasi muchoto chinopisa. Mushure mekupisa kwemaawa 2.5 kusvika ku3, bvisa uye uiise mumoto wecarburizing kuitira kurapwa kwecarburization;
S3. Kudzima: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chinodzima uye gara uchipinza nitrogen muchoto chinodzima. Mushure mekubaya nitrogen kwemaminetsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana, zvishoma nezvishoma simudza tembiricha yechoto chekudzima kusvika 460-500 ℃ uye uichengetedze kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri usati waenderera nedanho rekutanga rekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kupisa kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku550 ~ 700 ℃ uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechipiri chekudzima kurapwa; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kupisa kwechoto chekudzima kusvika 750-850 ℃ uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi matatu-45 usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechitatu chekudzima kurapwa;
S4. Kutonhora kwemafuta: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakadzimwa uye uise mutangi yekutanga yekudzima mafuta ekutonhodza mafuta, uchikurudzira maminitsi gumi nemashanu uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi maviri-30; Mushure mekubvisa, isa mune yechipiri quenching mafuta tangi yekutonhodza mafuta, fambisa maminetsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kusvika tembiricha yechigadzirwa yadonha kusvika 100 ℃;
S5. Kubviswa kwemafuta: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakatonhodzwa uye rega chimire kwemaminitsi 35-45, uye furidzira mafuta ekudzima pamusoro pechigadzirwa kuburikidza nemhepo inotonhora;
S6. Kudzikamisa: Isai chigadzirwa chakacheneswa muchoto chinodziya chekurapa, gadzirisa tembiricha kusvika 110 ~ 180 ℃, uye nguva yekudziya kusvika 1.5 ~ maawa matatu. Ita danho rekutanga rekupisa kurapa; Simudza tembiricha kusvika 370-410 ℃ uye kutsamwa kwemaawa 3-6 usati waenderera nechikamu chechipiri chekupisa kurapwa; Mushure mekupisa kurapwa, mhepo inotonhorera chigadzirwa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Zviri nani, muchikamu che1 pamusoro, mhinduro yekuchenesa inosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera nehukuru: 20-36 zvikamu zve butyl acetate, 10-13 zvikamu zve polyglycolic acid, 16-20 zvikamu zveaminoacetic acid, 13-22 zvikamu zve ethyl acrylate, 5-9 zvikamu zve olemineic acid 1 triethano, uye 3-9 zvikamu zve olemineic acid triethano 18-26 zvikamu zvemvura, izvo zvinogona kunyatsobvisa mavara emafuta pamusoro pechigadzirwa uye kudzivirira kukanganisa maitiro ekudzima.
Kunyanya zvinonyanya kukosha, iyo yambotaurwa dephosphorization tank yakashongedzerwa nedephosphorization solution, iyo inosarudza potassium hydroxide solution ine mutsara we 2.2-6.5g / l kana sodium hydroxide solution ine 2.8-6.9g / l.
Zvikuru zviri nani, munhanho yambotaurwa s2, iyo yakakwira-tembiricha yenitrogen gasi yakaunzwa muchoto chekupisa ndiyo gasi renitrogen muchoto chekudzima mudanho s3, ine kuyerera kwe2.5-3.5l/h. Nekupisa chigadzirwa, mhinduro yekuchenesa pamusoro wayo inogona kuomeswa uye kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwekushisa muchoto chekudzima kunogona kudzivirira kukanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
Kuwedzera zviri nani, munhanho s3 pamusoro, kuyerera kwe nitrogen 4-5l / h, iyo inogona kubvisa mweya kubva muchoto chekupisa, kudzivirira oxidation reaction pakati peokisijeni nechigadzirwa, uye kudzivirira decarburization, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kwekusungirirwa uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa rechigadzirwa.
Kunyanya, munhanho s3 pamusoro, mwero wekupisa kwechoto chekudzima panguva yekudziya kusvika 460-500 ℃ ndeye 30-40 ℃/min, mwero wekupisa panguva yekudziya kusvika 550-700 ℃ ndeye 50-60 ℃/min, uye iyo yekupisa kusvika 5 ℃ chiyero che 05 ℃ panguva yekupisa. 70-90 ℃/min. Iyo nhanho yekupisa yekudzima kurapwa inogona kuvandudza quenching maitiro echigadzirwa uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
Zviri nani, munhanho s4, tembiricha yemafuta ekudzima mutangi remafuta ekutanga inodzima i250-300 ℃, uye tembiricha yemafuta ekudzima mutangi remafuta ekudzima i50-70 ℃.
Zvikuru zviri nani, munhanho s5 kumusoro, tembiricha yemhepo inotonhora i30-35 ℃, uye kumhanya kwemhepo i20-25m/s.
Zvakanakira zvekugadzirwa kwazvino ndezvekuti kupisa kwekupisa kwebhoti kuri nyore, kuri nyore kushanda, uye kune yakanaka quenching mhedzisiro. Nekupisa chigadzirwa, mhinduro yekuchenesa pamusoro wayo inogona kuomeswa, uye kamwe kamwe kuwedzera kwekushisa muchoto chekudzima kunogona kudzivisa kukanganisa hutano hwechigadzirwa; Iyo yepamusoro-yekushisa nitrogen inoshandiswa muchoto chekupisa inobva muchoto chekudzima, kubvisa chigadziro chekupisa muchoto chinopisa, chinogona kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira; Kupinza nitrogen mu preheating uye kudzima mavira kunogona kubvisa mhepo mukati, kudzivirira oxidation reactions pakati peokisijeni nechigadzirwa, nekudaro kudzivirira decarburization uye kukonzera kutadza kwema threaded fasteners, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yechigadzirwa; Nhanho yekudzimisa quenching kurapwa inogona kuvandudza quenching mhedzisiro yechigadzirwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwayo; Staged oiri kutonhora kurapwa inogona kunyatso kutonhorera epamusoro-tembiricha zvigadzirwa pasina kukuvadza mhando yavo.
Yakananga nzira yekushandisa
Izvi zvinotevera sumo chaiyo kune yazvino kugadzirwa pamwe chete neakananga embodiments.
Muenzaniso 1
Iyo yekupisa kurapwa maitiro emabhoti inosanganisira anotevera matanho:
S1. Dephosphorization;
Mushonga wekuchenesa unosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera nehuwandu: 20 zvikamu zvebutyl acetate, 10 zvikamu zve polyglycolic acid, 16 zvikamu zveaminoacetic acid, 13 zvikamu zve ethyl acrylate, 5 zvikamu zve oleic acid triethanolamine munyu, 3 zvikamu zve ethanolamine, uye 18 zvikamu zvemvura; Iyo tangi ye dephosphorization yakagadzirwa ne dephosphorization solution, iyo inoshandisa potassium hydroxide solution ine chiyero che 2.2g / l;
S2. Pre treatment: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chinopisa uye ramba uchibaya jekiseni renitrogen gasi muchoto chinopisa. Mushure mokupisa kwemaawa 2.5, bvisa uye uiise mumoto wecarburizing kuitira carburization treatment;
S3. Kudzima: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chekudzima uye ramba uchipinza nitrogen gasi muchoto chinodzima. Kuyerera kwe nitrogen gasi ndeye 4l / h, uye mushure mekupinza nitrogen gasi kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika 460 ℃, nekupisa kwe 30 ℃ / min, uye kuichengetedza kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chekutanga chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma uwedzere kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku550 ℃, nechiyero chekupisa che50 ℃ / min, uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi maviri usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechipiri chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku750 ℃, nekupisa kwe 70 ℃ / min, uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi matatu usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechitatu chekudzima;
S4. Kutonhodza oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakadzimwa wochiisa mutangi remafuta rekudzima rekutanga kutonhodza oiri. Tembiricha yemafuta ekudzima i250 ℃, uye fambisa maminitsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kwemaminitsi makumi maviri; Mushure mekubviswa, iise mune yechipiri quenching mafuta tangi yekutonhodza oiri, neinodzima tembiricha yemafuta pa50 ℃ uye simbisa maminetsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kusvika tembiricha yechigadzirwa yadonha kusvika 100 ℃;
S5. Kubvisa oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakatonhodzwa wosiya chimire kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu. Bvisa mafuta ekudzima pamusoro pechigadzirwa nemhepo inotonhora pakupisa kwe30 ℃ uye mhepo inomhanya ye20m / s;
S6. Kudzikamisa: Isai chigadzirwa chakacheneswa muchoto chinopisa chekurapa, gadzirisa tembiricha kusvika 110 ℃, uye nguva yekudziya kusvika maawa 1.5. Ita danho rekutanga rekupisa kurapa; Simudza tembiricha kusvika 370 ℃, kutsamwa kwemaawa matatu, uye enderera nechikamu chechipiri chekupisa kurapa; Mushure mekupisa kurapwa, mhepo inotonhorera chigadzirwa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Iyo yakakwira-tembiricha yenitrogen gasi yakaunzwa muchoto chekupisa muchikamu che2 chechimiro ichi igesi yenitrogen kubva muchoto chekudzima mudanho s3, uye kuyerera kweyepamusoro-tembiricha yenitrogen gasi i2.5l/h.
Muenzaniso 2
Matanho ekuita mune iyi embodiment akafanana neaya ari muMuenzaniso 1, kunze kwemamiriro chaiwo ekuita, ayo anosanganisira matanho anotevera:
S1. Dephosphorization: isa chigadzirwa mumushini wekuchenesa uye udururire mune yekuchenesa mhinduro kusvikira chigadzirwa chanyudzwa zvachose mukuchenesa mhinduro. Rongedza tembiricha yekuchenesa kusvika ku50 ℃ uye kurungaidza yega 15min. Mushure mekuchenesa kwe3h, bvisa chigadzirwa uye uise mukati me dephosphorization tank ye dephosphorization treatment;
Mushonga wekuchenesa unosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera nehukuru: 36 zvikamu zve butyl acetate, 13 zvikamu zve polyglycolic acid, 20 zvikamu zveaminoacetic acid, 22 zvikamu zve ethyl acrylate, 9 zvikamu zve oleic acid triethanolamine munyu, 16 zvikamu zve ethanolamine, uye 26 zvikamu zvemvura; Iyo tangi ye dephosphorization yakagadzirwa ne dephosphorization solution, iyo inosarudzwa se potassium hydroxide solution ine chiyero che 6.5g / l kana sodium hydroxide solution ine chiyero che 6.9g / l;
S2. Pre treatment: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chinopisa uye ramba uchibaya jekiseni renitrogen gasi muchoto chinopisa. Mushure mekupisa kwemaawa matatu, bvisa uye uiise muchoto che carburizing kuitira carburization kurapwa;
S3. Kudzima: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chekudzima uye ramba uchipinza nitrogen gasi muchoto chinodzima. Kuyerera kwe nitrogen gasi ndeye 5l / h, uye mushure mekupinza nitrogen gasi ye 40min, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku500 ℃, nekupisa kwe 40 ℃ / min, uye kuichengetedza kwe20min isati yaenderera mberi nechikamu chekutanga chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku700 ℃, nekupisa kwe60 ℃ / min, uye kubata kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechipiri chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera tembiricha yechoto chekudzima kusvika ku850 ℃, ine mwero wekupisa we90 ℃/min, uye bata kwemaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu usati waenderera nedanho rechitatu rekudzima kurapwa;
S4. Kutonhodza oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakadzimwa wochiisa mutangi remafuta rekudzima rekutanga kutonhodza oiri. Tembiricha yemafuta ekudzima i300 ℃, uye fambisa maminitsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kwemaminitsi makumi matatu; Mushure mekubviswa, iise mune yechipiri quenching mafuta tangi yekutonhodza oiri, neinodzima tembiricha yemafuta pa70 ℃ uye simbisa maminetsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kusvika tembiricha yechigadzirwa yadonha kusvika 100 ℃;
S5. Kubvisa oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakatonhodzwa wosiya chimire kwemaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu. Bvisa mafuta ekudzima pamusoro pechigadzirwa nemhepo inotonhora pakupisa kwe35 ℃ uye mhepo inomhanya ye25m / s;
S6. Kudzikamisa: Isai chigadzirwa chakacheneswa muchoto chinopisa chekurapa, gadzirisa tembiricha kusvika 180 ℃, uye nguva yekudziya kusvika maawa matatu. Ita danho rekutanga rekupisa kurapa; Simudza tembiricha kusvika 410 ℃, kutsamwa kwemaawa matanhatu, uye enderera nechikamu chechipiri chekupisa kurapa; Mushure mekupisa kurapwa, mhepo inotonhorera chigadzirwa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Iyo yakakwira-tembiricha yenitrogen gasi yakaunzwa muchoto chekupisa mudanho s2 yeiyi embodiment igesi yenitrogen kubva muchoto chekudzima mudanho s3, ine kuyerera kwe3.5l / h kune yakakwirira-tembiricha yenitrogen gasi.
Muenzaniso 3
Matanho ekuita mune iyi embodiment akafanana neaya ari muMuenzaniso 1, kunze kwemamiriro chaiwo ekuita, ayo anosanganisira matanho anotevera:
S1. Dephosphorization;
Mushonga wekuchenesa unosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera nehukuru: 28 zvikamu zvebutyl acetate, 12 zvikamu zve polyglycolic acid, 18 zvikamu zveaminoacetic acid, 18 zvikamu zve ethyl acrylate, 7 zvikamu zve oleic acid triethanolamine munyu, 10 zvikamu zve ethanolamine, uye zvikamu makumi maviri nemaviri emvura; Iyo tangi ye dephosphorization yakagadzirwa ne dephosphorization solution, iyo inosarudzwa sesodium hydroxide solution ine mutsara we 4.5g / l;
S2. Pre treatment: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chinopisa uye ramba uchibaya jekiseni renitrogen gasi muchoto chinopisa. Mushure mekupisa kwemaawa 2.7, bvisa uye uiise mumoto wecarburizing kuitira carburization treatment;
S3. Kudzima: Isa chigadzirwa muchoto chekudzima uye ramba uchipinza nitrogen gasi muchoto chinodzima. Kuyerera kwe nitrogen gasi ndeye 4.5l / h, uye mushure mokupinza nitrogen gasi kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika 480 ℃, nekupisa kwe 35 ℃ / min, uye kuichengetedza kwemaminitsi gumi nemasere usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chekutanga chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kutonhora kwechoto chekudzima kusvika ku575 ℃, nechiyero chekupisa che 55 ℃ / min, uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi maviri nemasere usati waenderera mberi nechikamu chechipiri chekudzima; Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera tembiricha yechoto chekudzima kusvika ku800 ℃, ine mwero wekupisa we80 ℃/min, uye uchengetedze kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemasere usati waenderera nedanho rechitatu rekudzima kurapwa;
S4. Kutonhodza oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakadzimwa wochiisa mutangi remafuta rekudzima rekutanga kutonhodza oiri. Tembiricha yemafuta ekudzima i275 ℃, uye fambisa maminetsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kwemaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu; Mushure mekubviswa, iise mune yechipiri quenching mafuta tangi yekutonhodza kweoiri, ine tembiricha yemafuta inodzima pa60 ℃ uye kurunga maminetsi gumi nemashanu ega ega kusvika tembiricha yechigadzirwa yadonha kusvika 100 ℃;
S5. Kubvisa oiri: Bvisa chigadzirwa chakatonhodzwa wosiya chimire kwemaminitsi makumi mana. Bvisa mafuta ekudzima pamusoro pechigadzirwa kuburikidza nemhepo inotonhora, ine tembiricha ye33 ℃ uye mhepo inomhanya ye22m / s;
S6. Kudzikamisa: Isai chigadzirwa chakacheneswa muchoto chinodziya chekurapa, gadzirisa tembiricha kusvika 145 ℃, uye nguva yekudziya kusvika maawa 2.2. Ita danho rekutanga rekupisa kurapa; Simudza tembiricha kusvika 390 ℃, kutsamwa kwemaawa 4.5, uye enderera nechikamu chechipiri chekupisa kurapa; Mushure mekupisa kurapwa, mhepo inotonhorera chigadzirwa kusvika kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Iyo yakakwira-tembiricha nitrogen yakaunzwa muchoto chekupisa munhanho s2 yeiyi embodiment ndiyo nitrogen muchoto chekudzima mudanho s3, ine kuyerera kwe3l / h.
Mechanical performance test
Maererano nemigumisiro yekuedza, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti simba remabhoti rinobatwa nekupisa kwekugadzirisa kwechigadzirwa chiripo chiri pamusoro pe10.5, iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano.
Iyo yekupisa yekurapa maitiro ebhoti yezvino kugadzirwa iri nyore, iri nyore kushanda, uye ine yakanaka yekudzima mhedzisiro. Nekutanga kupisa chigadzirwa, mhinduro yekuchenesa pamusoro wayo inogona kuomeswa, uye kamwe kamwe kuwedzera kwekushisa muchoto chekudzima kunogona kudzivirira kukanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa; Iyo yepamusoro-yekushisa nitrogen inoshandiswa muchoto chekupisa inobva muchoto chekudzima, kubvisa chigadziro chekupisa muchoto chinopisa, chinogona kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira; Kupinza nitrogen mu preheating uye kudzima mavira kunogona kubvisa mhepo mukati, kudzivirira oxidation reactions pakati peokisijeni nechigadzirwa, nekudaro kudzivirira decarburization uye kukonzera kutadza kwema threaded fasteners, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yechigadzirwa; Nhanho yekudzimisa quenching kurapwa inogona kuvandudza quenching mhedzisiro yechigadzirwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwayo; Staged oiri kutonhora kurapwa inogona kunyatso kutonhorera epamusoro-tembiricha zvigadzirwa pasina kukuvadza mhando yavo.
Mutsanangudzo yezvido izvi, kutaura kwemazwi akadai sekuti "embodiment", "mamwe embodiments", "mienzaniso", "chaiyo mienzaniso", kana "mimwe mienzaniso" zvinoreva kuti chaiwo maficha, zvimiro, zvinhu, kana maficha anotsanangurwa akabatana neiyo embodiment kana muenzaniso inosanganisirwa mune ingangoita imwe embodiment kana muenzaniso wechigadzirwa chazvino. Muchirevo ichi, zvirevo zvezvirongwa zvemazwi ari pamusoro hazvireve kune zvakafanana embodiments kana mienzaniso. Zvakare, iwo chaiwo maficha, zvimiro, zvinhu, kana maficha anotsanangurwa anogona kusanganiswa nenzira yakakodzera mune chero imwe kana akawanda embodiments kana mienzaniso.
Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinoratidza uye zvinotsanangura misimboti, maficha makuru, uye zvakanakira zvechigadzirwa chazvino. Technicians muindastiri ino vanofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti embodiments iri pamusoro haidzikise kugadzirwa kwazvino, uye chero mhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzinowanikwa kuburikidza nekutsiva kwakaenzana kana shanduko yakaenzana inowira mukati mechikamu chekuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa chazvino.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-04-2023