Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye kupisa kwekupisa maitiro emasimba makuru mabhoti anoongororwa zvizere

1. Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu: kugadziridza kaviri kwekuita uye chiitiko

Mwoyo wehigh simba bhaudhikushanda kuri mukubatana kwekugadzirisa kwekusarudza kwezvinhu uye maitiro ekupisa kupisa.Aya anotevera ndiwo makuru esarudzo ekugadzirisa zvinhu uye tekinoroji mapoinzi eindastiri:

1. Medium carbon alloy steel: sarudzo yekutanga yesimba rakakwirira

o Yakajairika giredhi: 42CrMo, 35CrMoA, 40Cr uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine hurema hwakanyanya uye simba kusimba kuenzanisa kugona, inova sarudzo ye10.9 uye 12.9 kirasi mabhaudhi, kunyanya akakodzera simba remhepo, simba renyukireya uye mamwe anorema mitoro mamiriro.

o kuomeswa zvinodiwa: Nyaya yacho inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti inopfuura 90% yechikamu chakadzimwa chimiro chemartensitic, kudzivirira chimiro chisiri-martensitic mumoyo chinotungamirira kuderera kwesimba.Semuenzaniso, M48-M64 mabhaudhi akagadzirwa ne42CrMoA simbi anogona kusangana ne10.9 performance index nekudzima pa840-860 ℃ uye kupisa pa540 ℃.

2. Low carbon alloy simbi: zvose simba uye kuramba kunonoka kuputsika

o inomirira zvinhu: 20MnTiB, 35VB, nezvimwewo zvakakodzerwa ne10.9 kirasi mabhoti pasi peM24, uye yavo yakaderera phosphorus zvinyorwa uye yakakwirira yezviyo muganhu kuchena kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekunonoka kutsemuka.

3. Simbi isina tsvina: Mhinduro yemamiriro ezvinhu anokosha

o Austenitic simbi isina tsvina (yakadai se304, 316) ine corrosion resistance, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muMarine engineering uye makemikari michina;Martensitic simbi isina tsvina (yakadai se410) inodzikamiswa kuti iwane yakakwira simba zvinodiwa.

4. Kudzora kurongeka kwezvinhu

o spherodizing annealing pretreatment: yepakati kabhoni simbi inoda kuve isothermal annealing pa700 ℃ kushandura flake pearlite kuita bhora, kunatsiridza inotonhora musoro wepurasitiki (deformation rate inosvika 60% -80%), uye kudzivirira kutonhora musoro kutsemuka.

2. kupisa kurapwa maitiro: kuenzana kwakarurama kwesimba uye kuoma

Kurapa kwekupisa ndicho chinongedzo chikuru chekuona mashandiro emabhaudhi, uye zvinodikanwa kuti uwane yakakwana mekiniki zvivakwa kuvandudzwa kuburikidza ne "quenching + tempering" kudziya maitiro.

1. Spheroidizing annealing process

o Maitiro maparamendi: yepakati kabhoni simbi inotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekupisa pedyo nenzvimbo yakakosha (700 ℃);Yepakati kabhoni alloy simbi isothermal spheroidization annealing (AC1 + 20-30 ℃ kupisa, 700 ℃ isothermal) kuve nechokwadi chekufanana kwechimiro.

2. Kudzima maitiro ekugadzirisa

o Kudzora tembiricha: Iyo yekudzima tembiricha yepakati kabhoni alloy simbi ndeye 840-870 ℃, senge 42CrMoA simbi inoshandisa 850-870 ℃ kudziyisa inogona kunatsa zviyo nekuvandudza kudzika kweiyo quenching layer.

o kutonhora kwepakati kusarudzwa: kudzima mafuta (L-AN10~L-AN32) ndiyo mhinduro huru, uchifunga nezvekumhanya kwekutonhora uye deformation control;Mabhaudhi makuru ekutsanangurwa (akadai seM30 uye pamusoro) anodzimwa nePAG aqueous solution kudzivirira kudzima mitswe.

3. Tempering process innovation

o Tembiricha inofananidzwa: kupisa tembiricha ye42CrMo simbi inofanirwa kudzorwa pa500-540 ℃, iyo haigone chete kubvisa kudzima kushushikana, asiwo kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pesimba rekusimba (≥950MPa) uye chikamu shrinkage (≥44%).

o Kudzivirira uye kudzora brittleness: Kune 12.9 kirasi mabhaudhi, kutonhora kwemvura kana kutonhora kwemafuta kunoshandiswa kukurumidza kupfuura iyo 370-560 ℃ tempering brittle zone kuona kuti kuomarara kunosangana nechiyero.

4. Kuedza uye kutonga kwehutano

o Key zviratidzo: kuoma (32-38HRC), tensile simba (≥1040MPa), elongation mushure mekutsemuka (≥8%) uye metallographic chimiro (hasha sorbite + trace ferrite) inoda kunyatsoongororwa.

o Kudzivirira kukanganisa: bvisa phosphorus polarization layer (inotonhora uye brittle sosi) uye decarburization layer (icho chikonzero chikuru chekusakwana kuomarara), uye uwane pamusoro "zero oxidation" kuburikidza nekuenderera mesh bhandi choto chekudzivirira kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze.

3. indasitiri marwadzo mapoinzi uye localization kubudirira

1. Technical bottleneck

o 12.9 mabhaudhi ekirasi anovimba nekutenga kunze kwenyika: nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekuchena kwezvinhu (yakakwira P, S zvemukati) uye kusagadzikana kudzikamisa maitiro, zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvine gap mukusimba kwekukanganisa uye kunonoka kuputsika kuramba zvichienzaniswa nezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

2. Kufambira mberi kwenzvimbo

o Yakakura yekumisikidza bhoti kubuditsa: Nekugadzirisa tembiricha yekudzima (850-870 ℃) uye tempering paramita (500 ℃ × 180min) ye35CrMoA simbi, mabhizinesi akadai seShuihui Jiangtianbao Industrial akaziva kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweM30-M36 yakatarwa 10.9.

o Kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro: Taurira mhepo inodzorwa inoramba ichipisa kupisa mutsara, nyatso gadzirisa kudzika kweiyo decarburization layer (≤0.02mm), uye uvandudze kuenderana kwechigadzirwa.

4. ramangwana maitiro: akangwara uye akakwirira-maitiro maviri-vhiri dhiraivha

Nekuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zvebhoti mumunda wemagetsi matsva emidziyo uye aerospace, iyo indasitiri iri kukurumidza kushanduka kwayo munzira mbiri:

• Kungwara kwemaitiro: chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa hurongwa hwekupisa kupisa paramita zvichibva paInternet yezvinhu kuti zviwane kutonga kwakaringana kwekuoma kushanduka kwemhando ≤2HRC;

• Zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro: Kugadzirwa kwesimbi yakaderera-yakanyanya-yakakwirira-yakasimba simbi (yakadai se40CrNiMoA), chinangwa chinokanganisa basa ≥60J (-40 ℃), kusimudzira nzvimbo yakazara ye12.9 bolts.

Mhedziso

Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye kurapwa kwekupisa kwemabhaudhi akasimbandiyo "yakavanzika shasha tekinoroji" mundima yekugadzira chaiyo, iyo inoda sainzi uye yakaomesesa dhizaini dhizaini, asi zvakare inovimba nekudyidzana kuvandudza kweketani yese yezvinhu, zvishandiso uye kuyedza.Nekuenderera mberi nekuenderera mberi kwemabhizinesi epamba mukati meiyo core process, iwo "high-simba mabhaudhi" akagadzirwa muChina ari kufamba kubva "kushandika" kuenda kune "nyore kushandisa" uye "anogara", achipa vimbiso yakasimba yekuzvimiririra yemhando yepamusoro michina.